Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation. It can be secondary to multiple etiologies and lead to multiorgan failure. The kidneys are one of the main organs affected, causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Typically, patients who present with multi- organ failure are critically ill and require care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Volume-6, 2025
Issue 2 (February)
The Provox prosthesis is a device for prosthetic voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy, using tracheoesophageal voice. This silicone rubber shunt valve is placed in the tracheoesophageal wall, and phonation is generated when exhaled air is forced through the esophagus and neopharynx.
Carotid body tumors, almost benign, are some of the most challenging cases for Vascular surgeons, because of their close proximity to the neuro-vascular structures of the neck and their hypervascularized histological nature. Complete surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment of these tumors.
A 13-year-old male child weighing 36 kg presented with complaints of abnormal jerky movements of upper limbs and lower limbs, two episodes in the last month. It was associated with uprolling of eyes and incontinence of urine. After clinical evaluation, the patient was started on Inj Levitriacetam 250 mg and baseline investigations were ordered.
Management of intraocular tuberculosis is a challenge due to its varied manifestations, lack of uniform diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols. Here in we present 4 cases of Tubercular granuloma successfully treated with anti – tubercular drugs along with systemic steroids.
A 27-year-old male presented to the gastroenterology clinic with a 3-year history of abdominal pain and easy fatigability. On physical examination, there were bilateral large and small joint deformities. Medication history was notable for daily ingestion of over-the-counter tablet diclofenac (100 mg) twice daily for more than 15 years for joint pain.
Faced with the increasing volume and complexity of data, dentistry, like medicine, stands to benefit significantly from the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, some efforts should be made to foster the culture of transparency and explainability of AI.
Acute human poisoning from pyrethroids, while infrequent, presents considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report highlights a rare instance of prallethrin poisoning, a pyrethroid derivative commonly found in mosquito repellents, and underscores the importance of early recognition and comprehensive management.
Fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia are common signs of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), an uncommon but dangerous parasite infection. Rare appearances, however, may make diagnosis difficult. Here, we describe a case of a 1-year-old boy from Beni Mellal, Morocco, who had intermittent fever, jaundice, and stomach ache for a month.
Skin xanthomata form firm-to-hard, subcutaneous nodules, with normal overlying skin, that usually grow slowly around tendons, consisting of foamy cells derived from lipid-laden macrophages. Even though tendon xanthomata are highly prevalent in familial syndromes of hypercholesterolemia, secondary causes may result in their formation.
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI) are widely performed procedures in modern cardiology but carry risks, including vessel perforation. This report describes two cases of Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA) perforation managed with stentgraft implantation, followed by reopening of occluded side branches using specialized Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) guidewires (Confianza PRO).
Pleural infection is a severe and complex disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting both children and adults. Polymicrobial etiology is considered very rare in children and adolescents, and most cases are described in adults. We describe two cases of polymicrobial empyema the first one a 6 years old boy with congenital pulmonary airway malformation type I.
Ovarian cancer is currently the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. It is an aggressive disease that is frequently detected at advanced stages. Patients often present with nonspecific pelvic or abdominal symptoms. Initial diagnostic tests include transvaginal ultrasonography and serum Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) measurement.
Up to 63% of the patients admitted to the Pediatric (cardiac) Intensive Care (PICU) unit need Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), which is associated with complications, such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, consolidation and/or fluid overload. Lung Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is rapidly evolving in our daily practice due to its advantages such as the lack of exposure to ionizing radiation
Patients with malignancies, particularly advanced-stage cancers, are at an increased risk for thromboembolic events, such as Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is indispensable for the diagnosis and staging of thoracic malignancies and evaluating metastatic extrathoracic tumors.
Jugular Vein Phlebectasia is a benign cause for cervical mass in pediatric patients. Usually asymptomatic and of idiopathic origin it can be diagnosed with ultrasound. Conservative treatment is usually advised if no symptoms or psycological concerns are present. Albeight rare, its benign course warrants knowledge to avoid unnecessary interventions.
An 88-year-old man with a history of nonischemic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation presented after an acute syncopal episode in the setting of subacute dyspnea and weight gain. On exam, a grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border and prominent jugular veins were noted.
Acute suppurative parotitis is a rare condition in infants, typically presenting with unilateral preauricular swelling, fever, and feeding difficulties. A 4-month-old infant with prematurity history was diagnosed based on clinical findings, ultrasound, and purulent discharge from Stensen’s duct.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection has grown to be a serious global public health concern, especially in pregnant women. Despite this, it is often neglected in developing nations. This study assessed the incidence and seroprevalence of HCV infection among pregnant patients at a hospital in Obinze, Imo State, Nigeria, and the relationship between HCV infection and sociodemographic characteristics.
Optic nerve glioma is a rare, slow-growing brain tumor primarily affecting children, often associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This case report presents a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with unilateral optic nerve glioma, emphasizing her clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and management approach.
Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by an absent or interrupted pituitary stalk, an ectopic posterior pituitary, and hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary. It often presents with varying degrees of pituitary hormone deficiencies, leading to growth disorders and reproductive dysfunction.
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) due to mixed malarial infection and Hypertryglyceredmia (HTG) complicated by Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a very rare clinical scenario with viscous cycle resulting in high mortality and morbidity along with a great diagnostic and treatment challenge for the treating physician.
A 69-year-old patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (~9 cm) developed hemodynamically significant hematemesis a few days before surgery. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed an Aorto-Esophageal Fistula (AEF) (Figure 1). Despite emergency Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR), the patient died in hemorrhagic shock.
The convergence of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) and Lichen Planus (LP) into an overlapping syndrome represents a rare medical phenomenon, characterized by distinct pathological mechanisms. This syndrome exhibits unique clinical and histopathological features that mirror those of both lupus erythematosus and lichen planus.
Heterotopic Ossification (HO) refers to the abnormal formation of bone tissue in locations other than the skeleton. When abnormal bone deposits occur within muscles, it is called Myositis Ossificans (MO), and when it occurs in soft tissues, it is often referred to as HO [19]. Acquired HO mainly occurs after trauma
Pneumopericardium, defined as air within the pericardial space, is a rare complication associated with trauma and intrathoracic procedures. Here we present a case of a 56-year-old female with chronic myeloid leukemia who recently underwent thoracic surgery admitted for hyperleukocytosis.
Rhinolith which translates to stone formation within the nasal cavity is a rare and under-diagnosed condition. The available literature is scanty and tends to be in the form of isolated case reports and very few case series. It is, therefore, important to report each case to facilitate its valid statistical analysis.
Regorafenib and TAS-102 showed similar efficacy as third- or subsequent-line treatment in Metastatic ColoRectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the occurrence of sarcopenia and Skeletal Muscle Loss (SML) in mCRC patients during Regorafenib or TAS102 treatment.
Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the coding region of UGT1A1 gene resulting in grossly reduced hepatic activity of glucuronyl transferase. Absence or decrease activity of this enzyme leads to accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the body causes unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
The spleen is the most commonly injured visceral organ in blunt abdominal trauma, primarily due to motor vehicle crashes, with direct abdominal blows and falls being significant contributing factors to traumatic rupture [1]. Additionally, traumatic rupture can present immediately after an injury or may present in a delayed fashion [1].
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent respiratory disorder among premature infants, contributing to heightened infant mortality rates and imposing significant social and economic burdens on families. The long-term impacts of its prognostic complications have been well-documented. Therefore, timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for the progression and outcomes of BPD.
This case report describes a challenging diagnostic journey of a young woman with a history of hypothyroidism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), presenting with a three-month fever, abdominal pain, and pancytopenia. Initial suspicion of SLE with Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) led to methylprednisolone pulse therapy, providing transient relief.
This case report describes the clinical challenges encountered in a 15-year-old girl presenting with forehead and periorbital swelling, fever, cough, and respiratory distress. Initial diagnosis of orbital cellulitis yielded limited response to antibiotics. Subsequent investigations revealed pancytopenia, elevated ferritin, creatinine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as bilateral pleural effusion.
Subcapsular hydatid cysts, though relatively rare, present unique management challenges due to their anatomical location and the risk of complications. The PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Reaspiration) procedure is conventionally contraindicated in subcapsular hydatid cysts due to the risk of rupture and subsequent anaphylaxis.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is commonly associated with viral infections, but its occurrence after bacterial meningoencephalitis is rare. This study presents a case of ADEM following bacterial meningoencephalitis and reviews related case reports. A literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE
Rectal Vascular Malformations (RVM) are rare and poorly documented, primarily relying on case reports and a small number of case studies found in the literature [1-4]. Typically, this condition leads to painless rectal bleeding in young adults, with more than half of the cases presenting with anemia [2,5,6].
A 32-year-old man presented with hypertension and high serum creatinine. He had impaired hearing, sneezing, erythematous rash over leg, episcleritis, myalgia and polyarthritis for one month. Renal biopsy revealed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis; blood for c-ANCA was positive. He was given aggressive immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab.
AB-type thymomas are generally considered non-invasive tumors, with most cases classified as Masaoka stage I or II. These tumors exhibit indolent progression, and instances of recurrence or distant metastasis are exceptionally rare. Here, we present a case of AB-type thymoma that recurred at the original thymectomy site 16 years post-surgery, accompanied by pleural and pulmonary metastases
Aortic thrombosis in newborns is rare and severe. It is often attributed to umbilical artery catheterization; however, its cause may be unknown in almost half of cases. The severity of the condition requires rapid and effective treatment. Although there are many therapeutic, there is no universally accepted course of action.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked Inborn Error of Immunity (IEI), characterized by micro-thrombocytopenia, severe eczema, recurrent life-threatening infections, and tendency to malignan- cies and autoimmunity. Diagnosis during the neonatal period, in the absence of family history, is not only challenging, but also crucial for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) success and overall survival.