Articles

Ceprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It also known as Hansen’s disease. In this disease mostly skin, peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of upper respiratory tract and eyes are affected. Ranging from childhood to old age, it can occur to all age group people.

A 47-year-old female patient, without any significant medical history, presented with chronic abdominal pain localized in the epigastric region, ranging from mild to moderate intensity, without vomiting or fever, all occurring in the context of preserved general condition.

Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between dementia-a severe cognitive decline and the normal aging-related loss of memory and thinking. Cognitive impairment can also result from delirium, substance use, sleep disturbances, psychiatric illness, and metabolic conditions. Hence, assessing the cognitive function of older adults with psychiatric presentations is necessary.

11 years old male child presented with a small conical supernumerary tooth between permanent maxillary left central and lateral incisor. Clinically the supernumerary tooth was asymptomatic, and an erythematous mass of granulation tissue overlying the tooth was evident. Intra oral periapical radiograph showed root resorption and rarefaction of bone with thickening of periodontal (PDL) space.

The aim of this paper is to describe a new method to determine the fetal heart axis using 4D features of ultrasound. It is critical to determine the fetal situs and fetal heart axis during fetal echocardiography. The diagnosis of a number of complex cardiovascular diseases (Kartagener’s syndrome, heterotaxy syndrome, congenital heart disease, etc.)

Pancreatic incidentalomas are asymptomatic pancreatic lesions detected by imaging procedures conducted for purposes unrelated to the original diagnostic inquiry. The prevalence of these lesions has increased with advancements in imaging technologies. Determining the malignant potential of pancreatic incidentalomas is crucial.

Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is an uncommon type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, distinguished by the presence of lipid-filled frothy macrophages infiltrating various tissues. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by infiltration of Langerhans cells, which accumulate in various tissues and can cause a range of symptoms Both ECD and LCH can cause severe systemic disorder, and the overlap of these two diseases is rarely reported.

Tracheal granulation tissue, commonly occurring after a tracheostomy, can result in severe consequences such as airway blockage. This case series examines the efficacy of electro-cauterization when combined with balloon dilatation and tracheal stenting to treat this condition.

A 31-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease presented for endoscopy three years after surgical repair of an ileocecal conglomerate tumor and a left-sided enterocutaneous fistula with lower abdominal abscesses. In addition to ileocecal resection with necessity of an anastomotic stoma of the ileum (right up- per abdomen) back then, a sigmoid resection was additionally needed, so that a descendostomy of the colon was also created as a mucous fistula (left middle abdomen).

Cervical rib is an anomalous rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. However, it may also arise from the fourth, fifth or sixth cervical vertebra. A 13 years old male patient present with right side neck pain and unable to extend to left side after being stroked by stick on the right side.

Chronic tonsillitis may be caused by different pathogens. One of them is tubercle bacilli. Tuberculosis is one of the major infectious diseases worldwide. Although, tonsillar tuberculosis is very rare manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, and it is classified into primary tuberculosis of tonsils, occurring in the absence of active pulmonary tuberculosis, and secondary tuberculosis of tonsils in which an associated pulmonary tuberculosis is documented.

The patient was 23 years old, with no previous history, and presented with a 6-month history of unilateral visual acuity loss, with no history of trauma or corticosteroid use. Ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity of 10/10 in the right eye and 04/10 in the left eye, with no improvement with correction.

Stridor is often a symptom exhibited by pediatric age group patients which signifies an underlying pathology of the airway. The major causes of stridor in an infant include laryngomalacia, laryngotracheobronchitis subglottic stenosis, and vocal cord palsy. However, relatively less common causes include epidermoid cyst, laryngeal papillomatosis, and bacterial tracheitis

A rare and serious genetic skin disorder called harlequin ichthyosis can affect a developing fetus. The most severe and debilitating type of autosomal recessive ichthyosis is harlequin ichthyosis. This disease is caused by mutation in the lipid transporter’s A12 adensine triphosphate binding cassette.

A 71-year-old female presented with a 2-week history of increasing dysphagia, vomiting, and weight loss. She had a hiatal hernia repaired with Angelchik device implantation in 1984. CT imaging showed the device had migrated to the portal system. The device was medial to the intrahepatic IVC, posterior to the common hepatic artery, and superior to the portal vein.

Papular Epidermal Nevus with “Skyline” Basal Cell Layer (PENS) is a newly described epidermal nevus characterized by unique clinical and histologic features. While typically sporadic, familial cases and extracutaneous manifestations have been reported.

Furuncular myiasis is a well-known cutaneous parasite in tropical regions. Common risk factors include low socioeconomic status, an unhygienic environment, contact with animals, a weakened immune system (malignancy), and inadequate wound care.

Aphasia, an acquired neurogenic language disorder, is a deficit in the expression and comprehension of language. This article presents a comprehensive assessment of a 59-year-old Persian-speaking individual, M.N., who experienced fluent aphasia as a result of an ischemic stroke in the left temporoparietal lobe.

A 72-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis presented with a slow growing painful mass on the anteromedial aspect of the proximal right tibia over the past 2 years. She denied history of fever or local trauma, and acute phase reactants were within normal limits. She underwent knee ultrasound that showed a round well-defined homogeneous hypoechoic lesion connected to the medial meniscus, as well as mild synovitis and degenerative changes.

Lymphomas can affect any organ in the body and present with a variety of symptoms, making them relevant to primary care physicians and specialists across different fields. They are categorized into Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which constitutes about 10% of cases, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the focus of this seminar.

Cochlear Implant (CI) auditory rehabilitation is indicated for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who do not benefit from conventional hearing aids. In the vast majority of cases, cochlear implantation is performed effectively and safely, without significant complications.

Craniorachischisis is a very rare congenital anomaly characterised by anencephaly and total spinbifida. We present a case of a woman in her 30s, second gravida and a 20 week pregnancy, who presented with vaginal bleeding to the obstetrics department. An ultrasound scan confirmed the foetal anencephaly of a single live foetus.

Heterotopic pregnancy refers to the simultaneous presence of both an ectopic and an intrauterine pregnancy. This study presents a retrospective case series of Heterotopic Pregnancies (HP) subsequent to In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET).

G2P1L1 24 yr pregnant lady 37 wks POG delivered a LBW (Birth wt - 2.3 kg) female baby vaginally with uneventful labour. Incidental finding of large surface placental cyst (7 x 5 cm) observed which was missed on sonography. A placental cyst is a small area in the placenta containing liquified clear material, usually as a result of the breakdown of a material called fibrin in the placenta.

The intriguing case report delves into the medical mystery surrounding a 65-year-old male presenting with complex urinary symptoms. Despite a history of noncompliance with hypertension and diabetes medications, the patient’s symptoms of burning micturition and incomplete bladder emptying led to a diagnostic conundrum.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis, characterized by the presence of epithelioid and gigantocellular granulomas without necrosis. Lipoid necrobiosis is a cutaneous granulomatosis, closely linked to diabetes, associating palisade granulomas and foci of necrobiosis.

We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient with a history of breast cancer in remission for 12 years and ischemic heart disease. She presented with bronchorrhea and dyspnea. Initial CT imaging revealed pneumopathy, and she was treated with antibiotics. However, her symptoms persisted, and followup CT scans showed no change. An echo-guided biopsy was performed, which revealed lepidic adenocarcinoma of the lung.

This case report describes a poor weight gain secondary to organic causes in a young infant. Girl, 8 months old, referred for investigation of difficulty gaining weight. Environmental causes were ruled out and the complementary tests carried out were within normal limits. Despite several attempts to provide adequate caloric-protein supply, there was no success in nutritional recovery.

A 70 year old male presented with asymptomatic golden brown hairy surface over the dorsum of tongue for last 2 months. He is a chronic smoker with daily intake of 3-4 bidis since 7 years. On examination, there were elongated golden brown filiform papillae over dorsum of the tongue with fibres directed backwards towards the midline (Figure 1).

40-year-old man presented to our pulmonology clinic with complaints of persistent cough with expectoration and breathlessness since past 2 months. Elucidation of medical history revealed patient to be an asthmatic with use of inhaled bronchodilators through Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) on an as and when required basis.

A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency department with fever, abdominal pain, icterus, and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. Laboratory investigations revealed thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, evidence of liver injury, and positive IgM serology for Scrub typhus. Upon examination, an eschar was identified in his right groin.

Epidermal cysts are commonly encountered benign lesions in adults, but their occurrence in paediatric patients is relatively rare. We present a case of a 10-year-old male child with an epidermal cyst on the nipple, necessitating surgical excision due to excruciating pain over the lesion. The challenging aspect of this case is not only to remove the lesion but also to retain the nipple and an acceptable cosmesis.

A thin layer of Cortical Bone (CB) is located in a Trabecular Bone (TB), such as the wrapping around the Mandibular Canal (MC), located in the lower jaw. During an implantation surgery, this thin layer of CB, and the MC can be damaged - what should be prevented also by intraoperative monitoring

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) from Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy (ATT) is increasingly common and affects patient outcomes. Factors like alcohol use, existing liver conditions, and gender (especially females) influence DILI risk. Recognizing and managing DILI quickly is crucial. This case study of a 32-year-old female with ATT-induced liver injury shows the importance of management strategies and healthcare provider roles in monitoring and education.

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a common entity seen in developing countries, usually in pediatric patients or pregnant women, secondary to low dietary intake. Here we describe a case of a patient with chronic liver disease within the United States who developed symptomatic Vitamin A deficiency.

Amoebic colitis typically presents with abdominal pain and diarrhoea, the vast majority of patients being asymptomatic carriers. Developing countries with poor socioeconomic and sanitation conditions and immigrants from these countries are disproportionately represented. We describe a patient presenting with constipation and abdominal pain who underwent colonoscopy showing caecal ulceration.

This case study presents the radiographic findings of a 3-year- old patient with bilateral polysyndactyly affecting the fifth toes. The X-ray images reveal the presence of additional phalanges in both feet, characterized by fusion of the extra digits with the native fifth toes.

Spindle cell carcinoma with <1% incidence in the oral cavity is a rare and aggressive malignancy. They are usually biphasic and affect males more than females in the sixth and seventh decades, with a mean age of 58 years. The tongue, buccal mucosa, and gingiva are the three most typical sites for spindle cell carcinoma in the oral cavity.

Stevens - Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a skin and mucous membrane disorder that affects less than 10% of the body’s skin area, causing the skin to slough off. SJS has very high morbidity and mortality if the patient does not receive instant treatment. According to articles, SJS and SJS-TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) overlap and have mortality rates of 24.4% and 21.1% respectively [1].

A 72-year-old patient with a history of poorly controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes underwent surgery four months ago for a strangulated umbilical hernia complicated by a 50 mm perforation of the small intestine, requiring small bowel resection with digestive anastomosis.

17α-Hydroxylase Deficiency (17OHD), a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, results in impaired cortisol and sex steroid synthesis. Patients present with a female phenotype, high blood pressure, primary amenorrhea, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, and abnormal karyotypes (46XX or 46XY).

Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological condition characterised by the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. It commonly develops in the pelvis but can be found in other extra-pelvic sites. Umbilical endometriosis is rare and primary (spontaneous) umbilical endometriosis associated with umbilical hernia can present a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon as the presenting painful swelling may mimic an obstructed hernia.

We present a 45-year-old non-smoking male, with a history of obesity and hyperuricemia, who was referred to a pulmonology appointment after performing a chest computed tomography, which revealed an irregular bone-density foreign body in the lumen of the middle lobar bronchus with 12 mm of size (Figure 1A-C).

This case report highlights the occurrence of Aplastic Anemia (AA) and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. After receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine, a 40-year-old man reported with continuous vomiting, epistaxis, and other related symptoms. A bone marrow sample and diagnostic studies both indicated severe aplastic anemia

A 33-month-old girl without any underlying diseases accidentally swallowed a small screwdriver. She had initially symptoms like coughing and suffocation, which improved within a few minutes. After a few hours, when they went to the hospital and an X-ray was taken, they learnt about its presence in the patient’s body.